LORD CHIEF JUSTICE HEWART

R V SUSSEX JUSTICES , EX PARTE  Mc CARTHY [1924] 1 KB 256

"It is not merely of some importance, but is of fundamental importance that justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done."

'UNERASONABLENESS' 1948- 1 KB 223

 The Classic test of  unreasonableness is the Wednesbury principle, formulated by Lord Greene.

" .... a person entrusted with a discretion must, so to speak, direct himself properly in law."

CCSU [1985] AC 374

In the GCHQ case Lord Diplock referred to the principle of proportionality ..

A & Ors v Secretary of the State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 71;[2005] 3 WLR 1249 AT 1300

... that evidence procured or which may have been procured by torture overseas, even without the complicity of British Officials, shall not be admissible before the English Special Immigration Appeals Commission,and there Lord Hope declared:-

A & Ors v Secretary of the State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 71;[2005] 3 WLR 1249 AT 1300

The use of  such evidence is excluded .....on grounds of  its barbarism,its illegality and its inhumanity. The law will not lend it's support  to the sue of torture for any purpose whatsoever. It has no place in the defence of freedom and democracy,whose very existence  depends on the denial of the use of such methods to the executive.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW-MAY 2011

CONCEPTUALISING ACCOUNTABILITY [p128]

The traditional definition of accountability generally refers to the formal duties of the public agencies to account for their actions to the Parliament and ot the Courts.However, this narrow rendering has been largely discarded in favour of an extended concept of accountability or "the duty to give account for one's actions to another person or body."The broader approach properly recognizes that there are multiple strategies of accountability "involving both public and private sectors in both horizontal and vertical relationship with public decision makers."Goverment is now more complex and fragmented than originally conceived and there is a wide range of possible mechanisms by which these regulatory actors may be held accountable."

In extending an extended concept of accountability, Scott posits key questions: who is accountable, to whom and for what?

LOWENTHAL AND WATSON

 In a study of writing among 170 academic staff L & W identified 2 distinct  types of writer:-

"Serialists" who see writing as a sequential process in which the words are corrected as they are written and who plan their writing in detail before they begin.

"Holists" who can only think as they write and compose a succession of complete drafts.