Greetings

DUE PROCESS

A fundamental requirement of due process is the "...opportunity to be heard..."It is an opportunity  which must be granted at a meaningful  time and in a meaningful way..."

Potter Steward, Armstrong v  Manzo 380 U.S 545,552 (1965)

2015 1 MLJ

DATUK SERI KHALID  BIN ABU BAKAR & ORS V N INDRA  ( THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE OF THE ESTATE AND DEPENDANT OF KUGAN A/L ANATHAN , DECEASED) 

Police- Duties of Police   Breach of statutory duties - Detainee beaten  to death by policemen whilst in  detention  - Abuse of remand  warrant - attempt to cover up incident Vicarious liability - whether tortfeasor and superior officers liable for deceased death

Held:- where there is a breach of a constitutional  right  by a public authority, S8 (2) of the Civil Law Act  does not apply and the courts cannot be barred from awarding exemplary damages. Section 8 of the CLA ONLY applies to private torts in so far as the prohibition of awarding exemplary damages.  This was an appropriate case to award exemplary damages.

Writers opinion= Courts award exemplary compensation when on the facts before the Court, the actions of the offender are so reprehensible with a conscious disregard for the rights of another. The basis of this reasoning is that, it it to deter others from  engaging  in a similar conduct.

1st Amendment ( US Constitution)

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free excercise thereof , or abridging the   freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peacebly to assemble, and to petition the Goverment  for a redress of grievances.

WELCOME TO UM

Setiauusaha Suruhanjaya Pasukan Polis v Cheah Yen Kee [2016]2 2 CLJ 791

Judicial Review- Dismissal of Police Officer

 Held : It is a principle of  law based on established judicial precedent that where in a situation where a public decision making body takes into account extraneous factors behind the backs of  the party aggrieved by the decision, the decision of that public authority will be rendered unlawful for being in breach  of the principles of natural justice .......procedurally unfair.

1932- MLJ -1 at page 5

 This is a very old case and much reliance was placed on English and Indian authorities,

CHEW CHENG SWEE V CHAN CHYE  NEO

The only point argued before us was  that the proceedings were in their nature civil and not criminal and that that therefore no appeal lies from the Order of 8th September 1931 under Chapter XXVIII of the CPC.

Held:- There is ample authority in India and in England that maintenance proceedings though criminal in form are really civil matters. [ tokee Bibee v Abdool Khan ILR 5 Calcutta at p. 536 at page 542]